Antineutrino Spectrum of Natural Radioactive Isotopes
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                                                         19 Jan 2006
                                                         Sanshiro Enomoto

These spectra are calculated with 

DONGURI ver. 1.0.1
  Written by Sanshiro Enomoto (Tohoku Univ.)


*) Isotope data is taken from the folowing table;
"R.B.Firestone et al., Table of Isotopes, Eighth Edition, Jhon Wiley & Sons, New York (1996)"

*) All decay branches whose branching ratios is greater than 0.01% are traced.

*) Data lines in "Spactrum Data" consist of neutrino energy E [keV] and neutrino intensity [1/keV], calculated at 1 keV energy step.

*) Spectra are normalized to one decay of the head element of each chain. Since the U238 chain contains 6 beta decays and the Th232 chain has 4 beta decays, the sums of the spectra are approximately 6 and 4, respectively. Differences from the number of decays (6 and 4) mainly come from omitted branchs and/or uncertainties of branching ratios.

*) Fermi Function F(Z, E) for nucleus electric field effect is included.

*) Current calculation does *not* include effect of finite size nuclei and orbit electron screeing.

*) Corrections for forbidden transitions are *not* included, except for 40K and 210Bi.

*) For 40K, the 3rd unique forbidden transition formula is used.

*)  For 210Bi, the spectrum tabulated in the following handbook is used;
"V.G. Aleksankin et al., in: P.M. Rubzov (Ed.), Beta and Antineutrino Radiation of Radioactive Nuclei, Energoatomizdat, Moscow, 1989, pp719"

*) Recoil of nuclei is *not* considered.